French explorers Jacques Marquette (1637-1675) and Louis Jolliet (1645-1700) descend the Mississippi to the Arkansas River and return to Wisconsin via the Illinois River-the first Europeans to reach the Illinois country.Most of the settlements are abandoned prior to the historic period. Indians of the Mississippian culture improve agricultural methods, build temple mounds and large fortified villages.Woodland culture Indians develop maize agriculture, build villages and burial mounds, invent the bow and arrow for hunting, and begin making pottery.Archaic period Indians inhabit deciduous forests in small groups, hunt deer and small game, weave baskets, and grind seeds with stones.Paleo Indians roam the area, briefly occupying small camps inĬoniferous forests and subsisting on large game and wild plants..
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